Assessing Pain in Rabbits Through Facial Expressions
In September 2012, a scientific journal published a study that classified pain levels in rabbits based on their facial expressions. The researchers used each rabbit's unique identification code—tattooed numerically on its ear—to record and analyze pain responses.
According to the study, rabbits exhibited an average pain score of about 4 under normal conditions. However, when local anesthesia was applied, the pain score dropped to below 2. For example, even a simple procedure like nail trimming could cause observable facial changes: a slightly sharper nose and narrower cheeks, caused by the loss of the round, full appearance. Such a rabbit would typically score a pain level of 2.
A rabbit that had just undergone an eye repositioning procedure showed more pronounced features—a slightly pointed nose, slimmer cheeks, and whiskers angled slightly backward. These indicators corresponded to a pain score of 3, highlighting the importance of proper post-operative pain management.
Even after a subcutaneous fluid injection, a rabbit resting quietly in its cage could reveal signs of discomfort through its facial expression. The drooping, unfocused eyes indicated a pain level of at least 2. Because this particular rabbit was of a lop-eared breed, its ears could not be used as reliable pain indicators.
Understanding Rabbit Pain Expressions
This is actually a very useful piece of knowledge, because rabbits are animals that excel at hiding signs of discomfort. In veterinary clinics, it's not uncommon to discover that a rabbit is already suffering from a serious condition—such as a fracture or severe bloating—while the owner insists they hadn't noticed anything unusual.
Rabbits often conceal pain or illness as a natural survival instinct, since showing weakness in the wild can make them more vulnerable. Unfortunately, this tendency can delay medical attention when they live as pets.
Today, however, we can identify pain indicators by observing a rabbit's facial expressions and subtle changes in posture or behavior. Learning these signs allows us to better understand our furry companions and respond quickly when they need help.
Source: Rabbits show their pain
