"My dog only lacks the ability to speak!" "My dog is so smart, it hides before I can scold it!" "This dog is so clever that it even picks and chooses what to eat!" "My dog can't learn to go to the bathroom in a designated spot; does that mean it's dumb?" Conversations about whether dogs are smart or a bit slow are often heard among pet owners. Every owner wants to know just how intelligent their dog really is.
Whether a dog can learn household rules, cooperate with its owner, and understand commands does not solely depend on intelligence. In fact, it is also significantly influenced by the dog's personality, upbringing, and the owner's training methods. Moreover, different dog breeds exhibit varying levels of obedience; for instance, the independent nature of Shiba Inus may not indicate a lack of understanding but rather a natural inclination not to please humans and a reluctance to cooperate.
However, if you want to know the intelligence rankings of different dog breeds, there are studies from abroad that serve as reference points. These rankings are frequently cited in many websites and articles. Let's take a look!
The Intelligence of Dogs
The current ranking of dog intelligence is based on a book that introduces the intelligence of various dog breeds—The Intelligence of Dogs. This book was written by Stanley Coren, a psychology professor from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. In the early stages of his career, Professor Coren focused on human behavior, cognition, sleep, stress, and neuropsychology. Later in his career, he shifted his research to the behavior patterns of dogs and the relationship between humans and dogs, culminating in the publication of The Intelligence of Dogs in 1994.
The writing of The Intelligence of Dogs was based on a survey sent to all dog behaviorists and trainers across the United States and Canada. Experts were asked to evaluate the intelligence levels of various dog breeds based on criteria such as "instinctive behavior, adaptability, and working obedience." Ultimately, Coren received 199 responses from experts and compiled a ranking of 110 dog breeds based on their consensus and his own judgments.
Upon its release in 1994, The Intelligence of Dogs garnered significant media attention and has remained influential to this day. However, it is important to note that this intelligence ranking only included breeds recognized by American and Canadian kennel clubs at that time. Breeds not certified by these organizations, such as Jack Russell Terriers and mixed breeds, were not included in the study. Additionally, newer breeds that were recognized later by other organizations, such as the Taiwanese Dog recognized by the International Canine Federation (FCI) in 2015, were also excluded from the intelligence rankings.
Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that mixed-breed dogs and Taiwanese dogs are highly intelligent and exhibit strong obedience. Therefore, the following dog intelligence rankings from The Intelligence of Dogs should be regarded as a reference only and do not represent a complete picture of all dogs' intelligence.
Dog IQ Ranking
Next, let's take a look at the dog intelligence rankings based on "The Intelligence of Dogs", which evaluates dogs according to their understanding of new commands and their obedience to these commands.
We will first examine the top ten dog breeds. These dogs are assessed based on the following abilities:
- Understanding of New Commands: Can understand with fewer than 5 repetitions from their owner.
- Obedience to New Commands: Obey with a probability greater than 95%.
1. Border Collie
Indeed, in the eyes of canine experts and trainers, the smartest dog breed is the Border Collie. Data shows that nearly all participating judges ranked Border Collies among the top breeds, making it widely acknowledged as the most intelligent dog breed.
Originating from Scotland, the Border Collie (also known as "Border Sheepdog") derives its name from its long-standing role in herding sheep along the borders of Scotland and England. Historically, their primary job was to assist farmers in managing livestock, and they possess an intelligence comparable to that of a 6 to 7-year-old human child.
Border Collies are known for their ability to control sheep using their gaze, demonstrating remarkable instinct and understanding. Their energetic and robust physique allows them to comprehend numerous complex commands. Additionally, they exhibit excellent imitation skills, which is why they frequently appear in various dog agility and dance competitions.
Numerous reports highlight the high intelligence of Border Collies. For instance, one exceptionally intelligent Border Collie was reported to understand as many as 1,022 human words and could complete corresponding tasks based on different commands.
Characteristics of Border Collies
- Intelligence Level: Comparable to a 6-7 year old human.
- Training Ability: Can learn new commands in fewer than 5 repetitions.
- Obedience: Obeys first command 95% of the time or better.
- Energy Level: Highly energetic and requires regular exercise.
- Work Ethic: Known as "workaholics," they thrive when given tasks.
The Border Collie's exceptional intelligence, combined with its strong work ethic and ability to learn quickly, solidifies its reputation as the smartest dog breed. Whether in herding roles or competitive settings, these dogs continue to impress with their capabilities and understanding.
2. Poodle
The dog breed with intelligence second only to the Border Collie is the Poodle. However, when referring to Poodles, it is important to note that this includes more than just the well-known Red Poodle. The Poodle breed encompasses three varieties: Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle, and Toy Poodle.
Origin and Popularity
Poodles originally hail from Germany but were bred and popularized in France. Their elegant appearance and demeanor made them highly favored during the reign of King Louis XIV. They became beloved among aristocratic women and high society, leading to their nickname, "the noble dog".
Temperament and Intelligence
Poodles are known for their gentle temperament, distinguishing them from herding breeds that may exhibit more excitement and nervousness. Despite this, they share a high level of intelligence and understanding. Their cleverness and trainability have made them popular as family pets.
Characteristics of Poodles
- Varieties: Includes Standard, Miniature, and Toy Poodles.
- Intelligence: Ranked as the second smartest dog breed, they can learn new commands with fewer than five repetitions and obey commands 95% of the time.
- Personality: Known for their mild-mannered nature, they are friendly and eager to please.
- Training: Highly trainable, making them excellent companions for families.
Poodles are not only intelligent but also possess a gentle disposition that makes them ideal family companions. Their rich history and various sizes cater to different lifestyles, ensuring that they remain one of the most popular dog breeds worldwide.
3. German Shepherd
The German Shepherd ranks third in intelligence among dog breeds, known for its impressive capabilities and striking appearance. Also referred to as the "German Wolf Dog," this breed is characterized by its large size, strong physique, and exceptional athleticism.
Intelligence and Abilities
German Shepherds are highly regarded for their understanding and problem-solving skills, making them a popular choice for roles such as police and search-and-rescue dogs. Their obedience is notably high, allowing them to learn commands quickly, often on the first attempt.
Historical Significance
This breed's loyalty and strength have made it a symbol of military prowess. During World War I, German Shepherds served as military dogs for the German army. In Taiwan, under Japanese rule, they were also utilized as military working dogs.
Physical Characteristics
With their imposing stature and powerful build, German Shepherds not only look formidable but also possess the agility and endurance necessary for demanding tasks. Their protective instincts ensure they remain vigilant guardians of their families.
The German Shepherd's combination of intelligence, strength, and loyalty makes it one of the best representatives of military and service dogs. Their remarkable traits continue to endear them to dog lovers worldwide.
4. Golden Retriever
Ranked fourth among dog breeds, the Golden Retriever is a popular family companion in Taiwan, known for its friendly demeanor and loyalty. This breed was historically a valuable assistant to hunters.
Despite their gentle and amiable appearance, Golden Retrievers are highly intelligent dogs. They belong to the group of retrievers, which means they are skilled at following commands from hunters to retrieve game that has fallen into the water. Their intelligence allows them to protect the integrity of the game’s fur while retrieving it.
With their good-natured temperament and love for human companionship, Golden Retrievers make excellent family pets. They are often involved in therapeutic roles, providing comfort and companionship to patients in various institutions. Their endearing nature and high intelligence place them as the fourth smartest dog breed overall.
Key Characteristics of Golden Retrievers
- Temperament: Friendly and devoted
- Intelligence: Ranked 4th in canine intelligence
- Training: Highly trainable and eager to please
- Role: Excellent as therapy and service dogs
The Golden Retriever's combination of intelligence, loyalty, and gentle nature makes it a beloved choice for families and individuals alike. Their ability to bond with humans and perform tasks with precision showcases why they hold a special place in many hearts.
5. Shetland Sheepdog
The fifth place in popularity is held by the Shetland Sheepdog, a breed that is less commonly seen in Taiwan. Like the Border Collie, the Shetland Sheepdog originates from Scotland. Historically, these dogs were primarily used as working dogs on farms, assisting in herding and guarding livestock.
Physical Characteristics
Despite their delicate and refined appearance, Shetland Sheepdogs, also known as Shelties, inherit a strong lineage from Scottish herding dogs. They possess a high level of energy and require substantial physical activity to stay healthy and happy.
Exercise Needs
Shelties are highly active and need at least one hour of exercise daily. This can include walks, playtime, and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and destructive behavior. Their intelligence means they thrive on engaging activities that challenge their minds.
Coat and Grooming
The Shetland Sheepdog features a long, flowing coat that requires regular grooming. Their coat not only adds to their beauty but also serves as protection against harsh weather conditions.
Temperament
These dogs are known for their gentle and affectionate nature. They are playful and eager to please, making them excellent companions for families. However, they can be wary of strangers, which makes them good watchdogs.
In summary, the Shetland Sheepdog is a vibrant breed that combines beauty with intelligence and agility. They require regular exercise and mental engagement to thrive, making them ideal for active families who can provide the attention and care they need.
6. Labrador Retriever
Ranked sixth among the most recognized dog breeds, the Labrador Retriever is a familiar sight in various working environments. Known for their high obedience and quick understanding of commands, Labradors excel in a multitude of roles, making them a popular choice as working dogs.
Temperament and Behavior
Labradors are characterized by their stable temperament and extremely low aggression levels. They are not easily influenced by external stimuli, which makes them particularly suitable for jobs that require frequent interaction in public spaces. This quality also makes them excellent guide dogs.
Guide Dog Training
Trained Labradors can comprehend a variety of commands, guiding visually impaired individuals through walks, stopping at corners, intersections, or potential hazards. They can also assist in carrying items and are trained to ignore distractions from passersby or external disturbances. Their ability to refuse food when distracted showcases their focus and discipline.
Public Interaction
Due to their stable nature and minimal reactivity to outside influences, Labradors are often tasked with guiding duties. Their training includes navigating through busy environments and ensuring the safety of their handlers.
Overall, the Labrador Retriever's combination of intelligence, trainability, and gentle demeanor makes them an exceptional choice for various working roles, especially as guide dogs. Their consistent performance and adaptability in different situations highlight why they remain one of the most beloved breeds for both work and companionship.
7. Papillon
The Papillon ranks seventh among dog breeds in intelligence, making it the only small breed in the top ten. This charming dog stands at a height of only 20 to 28 centimeters and weighs between 3 to 4 kilograms. The Papillon's most distinctive feature is its ears, which stand upright and spread out, resembling butterfly wings. This unique appearance is why the breed is affectionately known as the "butterfly dog."
Like many small breeds, Papillons exhibit characteristics such as a strong sense of alertness, possessiveness, nervousness, and a tendency to bark. However, they also possess high intelligence. With proper guidance and training from a young age, Papillons can become well-behaved and stable companions.
Intelligence and Trainability
According to Stanley Coren's dog intelligence rankings, the Papillon is recognized for its exceptional understanding of commands and eagerness to please. They can learn new commands with fewer repetitions compared to many other breeds, which makes them highly trainable. This breed excels in obedience competitions and various dog sports due to their agility and intelligence.
Characteristics of the Papillon
- Size: Small, typically weighing 3 to 4 kg.
- Height: Ranges from 20 to 28 cm.
- Temperament: Friendly, alert, and affectionate.
- Grooming Needs: Moderate grooming required due to their long coat.
- Exercise Requirements: Moderate; they enjoy playtime but do not require excessive exercise.
The Papillon is not only a beautiful breed with its elegant butterfly-like ears but also a highly intelligent and trainable companion. Their friendly nature makes them excellent family pets, and with proper training, they can thrive in various environments. Whether as a lapdog or an active participant in family activities, the Papillon's charm continues to captivate dog lovers around the world.
8. Doberman Pinscher
The Doberman Pinscher was developed in Germany during the 1890s for use as a guard dog. They are known for their courage and strong physique, exhibiting swift movements and impressive bite strength. Their innate nature to defend homes and territories makes them an excellent choice for military and police work.
Temperament and Personality
Doberman Pinschers possess a confident and bold personality, often appearing aloof and distant to strangers. However, they are remarkably loyal to their families. With proper training, a Doberman can quickly respond to threats, making them popular companions in German households.
Training and Socialization
With their intelligence and loyalty, Dobermans require consistent training and early socialization to thrive. A well-trained Doberman can form deep bonds with family members while maintaining alertness to potential dangers.
Originating from Germany, the Doberman Pinscher is a natural guardian breed. Their protective instincts, combined with loyalty and intelligence, make them not only effective guard dogs but also cherished family companions.
9. Rottweiler
The Rottweiler is a giant breed known for its muscular build and energetic nature. Originating from Germany, this breed has been commonly used by the military as a guard dog. Interestingly, the Doberman Pinscher, ranked eighth among dog breeds, shares lineage with the Rottweiler. This breed is characterized by its alertness and requires ownership by someone with professional training experience; otherwise, the temperament of a Rottweiler can become unstable and aggressive.
Many Rottweiler owners tend to avoid crowded places when taking their dogs out to prevent potential aggression incidents. However, a well-trained Rottweiler can be an incredibly loyal family member and is very affectionate towards its owner. With a fierce appearance and strong personality, Rottweilers are also a popular choice for military and security work.
Characteristics of Rottweilers
- Size: Large and muscular
- Temperament: Loyal, confident, and protective
- Exercise Needs: Requires regular physical activity for mental and physical health
- Lifespan: Typically 8 to 12 years
- Coat: Short, dense fur that is easy to maintain
Training and Socialization
Proper training and socialization from an early age are crucial for Rottweilers. They are intelligent dogs that respond well to consistent, positive reinforcement methods. Owners should ensure that these dogs are exposed to various environments and people to foster good behavior.
The Rottweiler is not only a powerful working dog but also a loving companion when properly trained. Their loyalty and protective instincts make them excellent family pets for those who understand their needs and characteristics.
10. Australian Cattle Dog
The Australian Cattle Dog was bred in Australia during the 1800s, a time when settlers required a resilient and hardworking dog capable of herding cattle across rugged terrain. This need led to the development of the breed, which is known for its strength and endurance.
Physical Characteristics and Behavior
Australian Cattle Dogs are robust and energetic, capable of long-distance travel. They exhibit a unique herding behavior by nipping at the heels of livestock to encourage movement. This instinct can also lead them to nip at children's heels, an important consideration for potential owners.
Living Conditions and Popularity
Due to their strong build and high energy levels, Australian Cattle Dogs require ample space to thrive, making them less common in urban areas like Taiwan. Their loyalty and vigor have made them popular among many dog enthusiasts, particularly in Europe and America. Notable owners include Hollywood actors Matthew McConaughey and Mel Gibson.
A Valuable Companion for Settlers
The strong Australian Cattle Dog was an invaluable assistant to early Australian settlers, helping them manage cattle on vast expanses of land. Their ability to work silently and efficiently made them essential for ranching operations in the challenging Australian outback.
Corgi ranks 11th, Samoyed 33rd, and Husky 45th
The Corgi ranks 11th, the Samoyed 33rd, and the Husky 45th in the intelligence ranking of dog breeds. Due to differing opinions, many breeds share the same rank beyond the top ten, so they will not be listed individually in this article. The comprehensive ability assessment for dog breeds ranked from 11th to 26th is as follows:
- Understanding of new commands: The owner can repeat it 5 to 15 times for the dog to understand.
- Compliance with new commands: The obedience rate is above 85%.
Among the breeds ranked from 11th to 26th, a well-known breed is the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, which is not only owned by the Queen of England but is also a common Corgi breed. Following closely is the Miniature Schnauzer at 12th place, while the adorable Pomeranian ranks 23rd.
The comprehensive ability assessment for dog breeds ranked from 27th to 39th is as follows:
- Understanding of new commands: The owner can repeat it 15 to 25 times for the dog to understand.
- Compliance with new commands: The obedience rate is above 70%.
Familiar breeds in this category include the Yorkshire Terrier at 27th, the Samoyed at 33rd, and the Dalmatian at 39th.
The comprehensive ability assessment for dog breeds ranked from 40th to 54th is as follows:
- Understanding of new commands: The owner can repeat it 25 to 40 times for the dog to understand.
- Compliance with new commands: The obedience rate is above 50%.
Notable breeds in this range include the Siberian Husky (tied at 45th), Bichon Frise, Dachshund at 49th, and Akita at 54th.
The comprehensive ability assessment for dog breeds ranked from 55th to 69th is as follows:
- Understanding of new commands: The owner can repeat it 40 to 80 times for the dog to understand.
- Compliance with new commands: The obedience rate is above 30%.
Familiar breeds here include the Pug at 57th, French Bulldog at 58th, Maltese at 59th, and Chihuahua at 67th.
The Husky, ranked at number 45, has a sleek and handsome appearance with an obedience rate above 50%. Dog breeds ranked after number 70 are considered by the author of "The Intelligence of Dogs" to have lower obedience and working ability. Common breeds in this category include the Shih Tzu at number 70 and Mastiff at number 72.
Overall, a dog's level of obedience plays a significant role in this intelligence study. Therefore, being ranked lower does not necessarily mean that these dogs are less intelligent; it may simply be due to their inherent personality or upbringing.
Many owners wish to have intelligent dogs, and after seeing this ranking, some might already have their choices in mind—though it's best to wait!
Want to Raise a Smart Dog? Here Are Some Things You Should Consider
Many pet owners want to raise intelligent dogs. After seeing this ranking, some may have already made their choice in their hearts. However, hold on! In reality, intelligent dogs are not that easy to care for. Before adopting any dog, one should first assess their own abilities and determine whether they can take care of a dog for a lifetime.
1. Training dogs is not easy, and owners must also be trained
The biggest misconception among dog owners regarding training is that as long as the dog is smart, giving treats will teach it everything. In reality, this is a huge myth; training requires a professional approach and communication in a way that dogs can understand. This is why professional pet trainers exist to assist with canine behavior education. However, sending dogs to class alone does not suffice; owners themselves also need training.
Essentially, owners must learn the correct methods of education, reward and punishment, and proper nurturing to grow alongside their dogs. Additionally, owners should understand that the purpose of training dogs is to enhance the emotional bond between humans and dogs, accompany them in exercise, provide life education, etc. The main goal is to ensure a better quality of life for both the dog and the owner, rather than training dogs for show-off or to attack others.
2. Dogs are active and energetic, requiring long hours of companionship
Looking at the top ten smartest dog breeds, most are herding or hunting breeds. These breeds are the best representatives of strong bodies and high energy! Their endless vitality and curiosity must be expended through ample companionship and exercise provided by their owners. Choosing durable toys that can hide food is an effective way to expend energy while stimulating intelligence.
What happens if this energy is not released? Smart dogs will find ways to expend it themselves—often leading to mischief! Consequently, situations like chewed-up sofas, broken doors, or toppled bookshelves may arise; the other side of a clever dog can indeed be a destructive force. To manage these intelligent dogs, owners must ensure they have plenty of time to spend with them; these dogs will not be happy just being left at home to train, sleep, or eat. For instance, the widely recognized smartest dog breed, the Border Collie, requires nearly 24 hours of companionship during its puppy stage.
Missing this golden period for companionship and education may result in a highly destructive adult Border Collie. Similarly, the Australian Cattle Dog ranks tenth and is strong and active; it needs 2 to 3 hours of vigorous exercise daily to expend its energy. Herding and hunting breeds require significant daily exercise; owners must ensure they have enough time and space for this.
3. Satisfying the curiosity of intelligent dogs prevents destruction
Moreover, high-IQ dogs can easily become bored; thus, besides ample physical activity, owners should frequently change interaction methods. Intelligent dogs quickly learn something but also quickly lose interest in it or become uncurious about it. A bored dog can swiftly turn into an unstoppable destructive force; if you don't provide entertainment for them, they will find their own fun.
When selecting toys, there are also puzzle-type toys that challenge dogs with varying difficulty levels; currently popular are snuffle mats that can serve as one option. If you lack sufficient time, space, patience, or love—and do not have confidence in caring for these dogs for their entire lives—please think carefully before proceeding.
Conclusion
In summary, even if your dog does not rank among the smartest breeds, there’s no need to be too disheartened. Aside from previously mentioned breed limitations and obedience issues in studies, every dog is unique! In the eyes of their owners, they are all the smartest and cutest family members. The most precious aspect of having a dog is the bond and daily experiences shared with them—not how many tricks they can perform.
