Rabbits do not belong to the rodent category, as they have two pairs of incisors, but rather to the order Lagomarpha. Evolutionarily, the second pair of incisors in rabbits has regressed into a small, hidden set located behind the first pair (called peg teeth). However, some rabbits may experience excessive growth of either their first or second pair of incisors, forming oversized teeth that cause malocclusion. This condition affects their ability to eat properly and requires regular dental trimming or filing by a veterinarian.
There are two main causes of abnormal tooth growth. The primary cause is genetic, especially prevalent in Taiwan due to widespread inbreeding. Genetic defects or excessive gene expression often occur, leading to congenital abnormal incisors, which cannot be cured but only managed through regular trimming to maintain quality of life.
The second cause relates to injuries during the rabbit's growth, such as broken teeth or external forces that cause twisting or misalignment of the tooth roots. This disrupts the balance between the opposing teeth and prevents proper grinding. Some rabbits adjust their eating habits to naturally wear their teeth back into alignment, while others will suffer from lifelong malocclusion.
Problems caused by inadequate chewing, such as not eating enough grass, generally affect the entire set of teeth including the molars, rather than just the incisors alone. Incisor malocclusion requires regular veterinary check-ups and treatment. Without proactive care, it will significantly impact the rabbit's ability to eat.
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