For many pet owners, a rabbit's soft fur is one of its most lovable features. However, maintaining that coat involves more than just cuddling and petting. Skin diseases are very common in pet rabbits. Although these problems occur on the surface, they are not always easy to notice because rabbits are covered with thick fur. This article introduces some common skin issues in rabbits and diagnostic methods to help rabbit owners detect problems early and seek timely veterinary care.
External Parasite Infections
If you notice your rabbit scratching frequently or licking its fur persistently, external parasites may be the culprit. Fleas move quickly and may not be easily seen, but you can often spot small black specks (flea droppings) around the roots of the fur. If you find tiny dots attached to hair strands, this may indicate fur mites. Although rabbits may not always feel itchy, fur mites can cause allergies or itching in humans.
Mange Mites
Mange mites burrow into the skin and are invisible to the naked eye. Early infections are mild, but over time, hair loss and thick flakes may appear around the fingers, eyes, and mouth. These symptoms resemble fungal infections and can sometimes occur together. Severe mange may even cause nail and finger deformities. Crusty thick patches inside the ears often indicate ear mite infections, which differ from those affecting body skin.
Hair Matting
Owners should frequently check their rabbit's coat for tangles or mats, especially around the tail base and inner thighs. Long-haired breeds are particularly prone to matting and require regular grooming. Even short-haired rabbits can get mats during shedding seasons. The larger the tangle, the less ventilation the skin receives, increasing the risk of skin problems. Never attempt to cut mats with scissors — rabbit skin is thin and easily injured. Instead, have a veterinarian use electric clippers to safely remove them. Regular brushing is more important than bathing; rabbits generally do not need baths unless necessary, such as for cleaning urine or fecal contamination.
Fungal Infections
Fungal infections can cause circular hair loss and flaky skin. Treatment usually involves antifungal medication and cleaning, along with improving hygiene and the rabbit's living conditions to prevent recurrence.
Urine Scald
Rabbit urine is highly concentrated and can irritate the skin. When urine stays on the skin for a while without cleaning, it causes a condition known as urine scald. The affected area may show redness, swelling, and hair loss, which can progress into infected wounds with pus if untreated. Urine scald commonly occurs around the inner thighs, tail base, and feet, where urine or feces often accumulate.
Skin Problems Around the Eyes
Skin issues around a rabbit's eyes can result from simple eye infections, blocked tear ducts, or dental problems causing facial pressure. A veterinarian may perform tear duct tests or X-rays to determine the cause. Persistent tearing can keep the surrounding skin moist and lead to inflammation or infection if not properly treated.
Sore Hocks (Pododermatitis)
Unlike cats and dogs, rabbits lack foot pads and rely on thick fur on their feet for cushioning. If a rabbit often stands on wire cages, the fur on its feet may wear away, exposing the skin and leading to redness, sores, or infections. Soiled or wet conditions worsen the problem. Provide soft, clean flooring to prevent sore hocks and keep the living area dry.
Abscesses and Tumors
If you feel a lump or swelling under your rabbit's skin, it may be an abscess (a pus-filled pocket) or a tumor. These require prompt veterinary attention. Abscesses near the face or chin are often related to dental problems, while lumps near the mammary glands could indicate mammary hyperplasia or tumors. Even small bumps should be examined early to avoid complications.
Prevention and Care
Most rabbit skin problems can be prevented with proper hygiene and daily care. Regularly check your rabbit's entire body to catch any issues before they become severe. Early detection and treatment lead to faster recovery and better outcomes. Patience and consistency during treatment are key — with attentive care, most rabbits respond very well.
